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Viola mandshurica : ウィキペディア英語版 | Viola mandshurica
''Viola mandshurica'' is a perennial species of violet known by the common names ''dōng běi jǐn cài'' (:zh:东北堇菜, meaning "northeastern violet," in China), '' jebikkot'' (:ko:제비꽃, in Korea), and ''sumire'' (:ja:菫, :ja:スミレ in Japan, where ''V. mandshurica'' is considered the type species and other violet species have additional descriptors such as ''himesumire'' or ''nojisumire''). Its specific name is derived from Manchuria, an area of its native habitat which has at different times in history included parts of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and the Russian Far East. == Distribution ==
It is native to eastern Asia, being found as far west as eastern Siberia, throughout China (including Taiwan) and Korea, north into Russian North Asia (particularly in and around the Ussuri River Basin), and in much of Japan, including Okinawa. Across its range, this species occurs in a variety of habitats, from undisturbed woodlands to urban areas, and from low-lying plains to mountainous regions. A number of varieties have been developed by horticulturalists and are popular as garden plants. The wild form, and most named varieties and hybrids, prefer a semi-shaded location and humus-enriched soil that is not overly moist.
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